Missouri updated several key property laws in 2024 and 2025. These changes affect homeowners, landlords, renters, and buyers. This guide breaks down everything you need to know in plain language.
Whether you own a home, rent an apartment, or invest in real estate, understanding these laws can protect your rights and your wallet.
What Are Property Laws?
Property laws are rules about who owns land and buildings. They also cover how you can use your property. These laws protect your right to own and control what’s yours.
Missouri property laws cover buying and selling land, renting homes, protecting your property from squatters, and paying property taxes. They touch nearly every part of owning or renting a home.
Buying and Selling Property in Missouri
How Property Transfers Work
In Missouri, buying or selling property requires a deed. A deed is a legal document that proves who owns the land. You must record your deed at the county recorder’s office after a sale.
Missouri uses a system called “title by deed.” This means the person whose name is on the deed is the legal owner. You can hold a title alone or with another person.
Disclosure Rules
Missouri law requires sellers to tell buyers about known problems with the property. This includes issues like leaky roofs, foundation problems, and past flooding.
If a seller hides a major defect, the buyer may have legal options. Always ask for a written disclosure before buying.
Home Inspections
A 2024 law (SB 895) removed the requirement for home inspections on older homes. Buyers can still choose to hire an inspector. But sellers of older properties can no longer be required by contract to provide one.
Missouri Landlord-Tenant Laws
Security Deposits
Missouri law limits security deposits to two months’ rent. This applies to all rental properties across the state. Cities and counties cannot set stricter limits than the state maximum.
Landlords must return your deposit within 30 days after you move out. They must also give you a written list of any deductions they made.
Eviction Rules
Missouri landlords must follow specific steps to evict a tenant. They cannot remove a tenant without going through the courts. This process is called a “forcible entry and detainer” action.
Landlords must give proper written notice before starting an eviction. The amount of notice depends on the reason for eviction. For nonpayment of rent, the typical notice period is at least three days.
No More Local Eviction Moratoriums
A major 2024 law changed eviction rules. Under Senate Bill 895, no city or county can impose a local eviction moratorium. The state government must authorize any such freeze. This rule was put in place after pandemic-era eviction bans.
Tenant Screening Rights
Missouri landlords have broad rights to screen tenants. They can use credit reports, background checks, income history, and rental records. Cities cannot pass laws that block landlords from using these screening tools.
Property Taxes in Missouri
How Properties Are Assessed
Missouri counties assess (value) real estate every two years. The assessed value is a percentage of the fair market value. Your property tax bill is based on that assessed value.
Residential property is assessed at 19% of its market value. Commercial property is assessed at 32%. Farmland is assessed at a much lower rate.
Senior Property Tax Freeze (Updated 2024)
Missouri passed a property tax freeze for older residents in 2023. In 2024, lawmakers clarified the rules. Now, anyone over the age of 62 can freeze their property taxes at 2024 levels, not just those on Social Security.
This means if your home’s value goes up, your taxes stay the same. However, major improvements to your home can still raise your tax bill.
Circuit Breaker Tax Credit
Missouri offers a “Circuit Breaker” program for low-income seniors and people with disabilities. A 2025 law increased the property tax credit and income limits for those who qualify. This helps more residents afford to stay in their homes.
Rising Assessments in 2025
Many Missouri property owners saw large jumps in their 2025 tax bills. Commercial property owners in some counties saw assessments increase dramatically, with some reporting bills several times higher than the prior year. This is a hot topic in the state legislature.
Squatters and Adverse Possession
What Is Adverse Possession?
Adverse possession is a law that lets someone claim ownership of land they’ve lived on for a long time. It’s sometimes called “squatter’s rights.” The idea is to prevent land from sitting empty and unused for decades.
In Missouri, a squatter must live on a property for at least 10 continuous years. They must also meet other strict conditions. This makes successful claims rare.
The 5 Requirements for a Claim
To make an adverse possession claim in Missouri, all five of these must be true:
The squatter must live there openly — not hiding from the owner or neighbors. The occupation must be hostile, meaning without the owner’s permission. The squatter must physically use the property as an owner would. They must live there exclusively — not sharing it with others. And they must stay continuously for 10 years without major gaps.
Squatters in Missouri do not need to pay property taxes to make a claim. However, paying taxes can help strengthen their case.
The “30 Days” Myth
Many people believe squatters gain rights after just 30 days. This is completely false. The statutory period for adverse possession in Missouri is 10 years of continuous occupation. No legal rights are gained after 30 days.
The confusion comes from Missouri’s 30-day eviction notice timeline for tenants — not squatters.
Removing Squatters — New 2024 Law
Missouri passed HB 2062 in 2024 to help property owners deal with squatters. The bill broadens the definition of trespass in the first degree to cover unauthorized entry and refusal to vacate vacant properties. Trespassers now face Class A misdemeanor charges.
The law also protects landlords who have to remove people from vacant properties. However, you must still follow the legal eviction process. Missouri does not allow “self-help” evictions. You cannot change locks or shut off utilities to force someone out.
HOA Rules and Property Rights
What HOAs Can and Cannot Do
Homeowners associations (HOAs) can set rules for neighborhoods. But Missouri law limits what HOAs can ban. Under a 2024 law, HOAs cannot ban residents from displaying political signs. They also cannot prohibit solar panels or “for sale” signs.
Backyard Chickens (New 2024 Rule)
Starting August 28, 2024, Missouri HOAs cannot ban the ownership of chickens. Under the new law, HOAs must allow homeowners with at least 2/10ths of an acre to own up to six chickens. Roosters can still be banned or regulated by HOA rules.
Penalties for Breaking Property Laws
Criminal Trespass
Trespassing on someone else’s property is a crime in Missouri. Under the updated 2024 law, unauthorized occupants of vacant properties can face Class A misdemeanor charges. A Class A misdemeanor can mean up to one year in jail and fines up to $2,000.
Landlord Violations
A landlord who makes an illegal eviction — like changing locks without a court order — can face civil liability. A tenant can sue for damages including moving costs, lost wages, and emotional distress.
If a landlord keeps a security deposit illegally, a tenant may be able to sue for twice the deposit amount in some cases.
False Property Claims
Submitting a false affidavit about property ownership is a serious crime. Landlords who lie about property occupancy when trying to remove someone can face criminal penalties and civil lawsuits.
Special Circumstances
Property Owned by Couples
Missouri recognizes “tenancy by the entirety” for married couples. This means both spouses own the entire property together. If one spouse dies, the other automatically gets full ownership.
Inherited Property
When someone dies in Missouri without a will, property passes to the closest relatives under state law. Missouri follows “intestate succession” rules. A surviving spouse usually has top priority.
Disability and Adverse Possession
If a property owner has a disability, they get extra time to challenge an adverse possession claim. An owner with a disability has 3 years after the disability is lifted, and a maximum of 21 years to challenge the claim.
How to Protect Your Property
For Homeowners
Check on vacant properties regularly. If you own land you don’t live on, visit it often and document your visits. Post “No Trespassing” signs. If you find unauthorized occupants, take legal action right away.
The sooner you act, the safer your ownership claim remains. Don’t wait — the 10-year clock for adverse possession starts running immediately.
For Renters
Read your lease carefully before signing. Know your rights around security deposits and eviction notice. If a landlord tries to evict you illegally, contact a local legal aid organization.
For Property Buyers
Always hire a title company to check the property’s ownership history before buying. This protects you from claims, liens, and other issues. Get everything in writing and record your deed promptly.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can someone take my home after 30 days?
No. Missouri requires 10 years of continuous, open occupation before anyone can file an adverse possession claim. Thirty days gives no legal rights to squatters.
How much can a landlord charge for a security deposit in Missouri?
Missouri law caps security deposits at two months’ rent. No city or county can set a lower limit than this statewide rule.
Can my HOA stop me from having chickens?
Not anymore. Since August 2024, HOAs must allow up to six hens on properties with at least two-tenths of an acre. Roosters can still be regulated.
What do I do if someone is squatting on my property?
Contact law enforcement and document everything. You may file a “forcible entry and detainer” action in Missouri court. Do not try to remove them by changing locks or cutting utilities — this can get you in legal trouble.
Are seniors protected from rising property taxes?
Yes. If you are 62 or older and own your home, you can freeze your property taxes at 2024 levels under Missouri’s senior freeze law. Check with your county assessor’s office to apply.
Do I have to let buyers inspect my home before selling?
As of 2024, Missouri law no longer requires home inspections for older homes before a sale. Buyers can still request an inspection, but sellers cannot be contractually forced to provide one on older properties.
Final Thoughts
Missouri property laws changed significantly in 2024 and 2025. Homeowners got stronger protections against squatters. Seniors got clearer access to property tax freezes. And HOA rules were updated to protect personal freedoms like raising chickens and displaying solar panels.
Whether you’re buying, renting, or owning in Missouri, knowing the law gives you power. Stay informed, document everything, and consult a real estate attorney if you’re ever in a dispute.
References
- Missouri Revised Statutes § 516.010 – Adverse Possession: https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=516.010
- Missouri Revised Statutes Title XXIX – Property Laws (Justia 2025): https://law.justia.com/codes/missouri/title-xxix/
- Missouri SB 895 (2024) – Landlord-Tenant Updates: https://www.senate.mo.gov/24info/pdf-bill/tat/SB895.pdf
- Missouri HB 2062 (2024) – Squatters/Property Rights Bill Summary: https://house.mo.gov/PressRelease.aspx?prid=213
- New Missouri Laws Taking Effect August 28, 2025 – Missourinet: https://www.missourinet.com/2025/08/28/what-to-know-about-the-top-20-new-missouri-laws-taking-effect-today/
- Missouri Property Tax Freeze for Seniors – KSDK: https://www.ksdk.com/article/news/politics/new-missouri-laws-aug-28-2024/63-ef81e9d7-6a67-4c8b-9535-0539dc4e8d45
- Missouri State Tax Commission: https://stc.mo.gov/
Disclaimer: This article is for general informational purposes only and is not legal advice. Laws change frequently. Consult a licensed Missouri real estate attorney for advice about your specific situation.
